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                  <text>A collection of mostly shipwreck photographs mostly by Gibson of Penzance.&#13;
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CSI: Richard Larn &amp; Clive Carter, Cornish Shipwrecks, Vol 1: The South Coast, 1969&#13;
DSA: Charles Hocking, Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam 1824-1962, 1969 2 volumes&#13;
PSD: David L Williams, A Dictionary of Passenger Ship Disasters, 2009&#13;
WR: Cyrill Noall &amp; Graham Farr, Wreck and Rescue Round the Cornish Coast, 3 vols, 1964-5&#13;
Larn: Richard Larn Cornish Shipwrecks: the Isles of Scilly&#13;
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                <text>S.S. Archangelos, Coverack, 1929</text>
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                <text>S.S. Archangelos, stranded in fog on Chynalls Point, Coverack 17 April 1929 while on passage from Dunkird to Cardiff, but refloated two days later.&#13;
&#13;
Ref: WR iii, 88-9.</text>
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                <text>Morrab library</text>
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                <text>RGN.121a</text>
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                <text>Coverack</text>
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                <text>Set-piece view from foreshore, with figures in f'ground and tug in background far right during salvage operation. Some creases and corner blemishes</text>
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                  <text>A collection of mostly shipwreck photographs mostly by Gibson of Penzance.&#13;
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CSI: Richard Larn &amp; Clive Carter, Cornish Shipwrecks, Vol 1: The South Coast, 1969&#13;
DSA: Charles Hocking, Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam 1824-1962, 1969 2 volumes&#13;
PSD: David L Williams, A Dictionary of Passenger Ship Disasters, 2009&#13;
WR: Cyrill Noall &amp; Graham Farr, Wreck and Rescue Round the Cornish Coast, 3 vols, 1964-5&#13;
Larn: Richard Larn Cornish Shipwrecks: the Isles of Scilly&#13;
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>SS Brinkburn, wrecked off Bryher, Isle of Scilly, December 15th 1898.</text>
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                <text>1898-12-15</text>
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                <text>Morrab library</text>
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                <text>RGN.043a</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>The S.S Brinkburn was a four year old, 3,229 tons gross steamer which sunk on December 15th 1898. &#13;
&#13;
The steamer was bound from Galveston, Texas, to Le Havre with 8,895 bales of cotton and 6,720 bags of cotton seed. She struck the Maiden Bower and was unable to get clear. &#13;
&#13;
Her crew, mostly Lascars (sailors from the Indian or Southeast Asian Continent) took to the boats and remained close to the wreck until daybreak, when once again the Bryher gigs were used to tow the survivors' boats ashore. &#13;
&#13;
The Liverpool Salvage Company undertook to recover the cotton and seed, her cargo, valued at £100,000 having being insured by underwriters of that port.&#13;
&#13;
The wreck of the S.S Brinkburn joined another wreck called the Zelda (which sunk on April 16th 1874) at the bottom of the sea. In 1966, the wrecks were examined by divers, to which they found a number of iron cannons between the two ships. This indicated that there must have been a third older ship to have wreck, but no record of a warship or armed merchantman having being lost there.&#13;
&#13;
Description of wreck from Richard Larn, Cornish Shipwrecks: Isles of Scilly (Newton Abbot: David &amp; Charles, 1971), p.125-126.</text>
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                <text>Bryher, Isles of Scilly</text>
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References:&#13;
CSI: Richard Larn &amp; Clive Carter, Cornish Shipwrecks, Vol 1: The South Coast, 1969&#13;
DSA: Charles Hocking, Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam 1824-1962, 1969 2 volumes&#13;
PSD: David L Williams, A Dictionary of Passenger Ship Disasters, 2009&#13;
WR: Cyrill Noall &amp; Graham Farr, Wreck and Rescue Round the Cornish Coast, 3 vols, 1964-5&#13;
Larn: Richard Larn Cornish Shipwrecks: the Isles of Scilly&#13;
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              <text>all edges curled and damaged</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>RMS Mauritania steaming at speed</text>
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                <text>Large retouched photo of Cunard liner RMS Mauritania (1907) viewed from port bow steaming at speed; names and ship's data captioned on lower edge</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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References:&#13;
CSI: Richard Larn &amp; Clive Carter, Cornish Shipwrecks, Vol 1: The South Coast, 1969&#13;
DSA: Charles Hocking, Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam 1824-1962, 1969 2 volumes&#13;
PSD: David L Williams, A Dictionary of Passenger Ship Disasters, 2009&#13;
WR: Cyrill Noall &amp; Graham Farr, Wreck and Rescue Round the Cornish Coast, 3 vols, 1964-5&#13;
Larn: Richard Larn Cornish Shipwrecks: the Isles of Scilly&#13;
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>BM 62 sailing vessel broadside ashore on rocks</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Two-masted sailing vessel with sails still set; probably a fishing boat. Photographer in Edwardian clothes on rock at left. Signed Vaughan T Paul, Penzance.</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>Morrab library</text>
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                <text>Paul, Penzance</text>
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CSI: Richard Larn &amp; Clive Carter, Cornish Shipwrecks, Vol 1: The South Coast, 1969&#13;
DSA: Charles Hocking, Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam 1824-1962, 1969 2 volumes&#13;
PSD: David L Williams, A Dictionary of Passenger Ship Disasters, 2009&#13;
WR: Cyrill Noall &amp; Graham Farr, Wreck and Rescue Round the Cornish Coast, 3 vols, 1964-5&#13;
Larn: Richard Larn Cornish Shipwrecks: the Isles of Scilly&#13;
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                <text>Close up view of damage to sailing vessel Ohlsund, undated</text>
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DSA: Charles Hocking, Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam 1824-1962, 1969 2 volumes&#13;
PSD: David L Williams, A Dictionary of Passenger Ship Disasters, 2009&#13;
WR: Cyrill Noall &amp; Graham Farr, Wreck and Rescue Round the Cornish Coast, 3 vols, 1964-5&#13;
Larn: Richard Larn Cornish Shipwrecks: the Isles of Scilly&#13;
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DSA: Charles Hocking, Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam 1824-1962, 1969 2 volumes&#13;
PSD: David L Williams, A Dictionary of Passenger Ship Disasters, 2009&#13;
WR: Cyrill Noall &amp; Graham Farr, Wreck and Rescue Round the Cornish Coast, 3 vols, 1964-5&#13;
Larn: Richard Larn Cornish Shipwrecks: the Isles of Scilly&#13;
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                <text>Vessel alongside jetty, viewed from ahead, with figures visible on board and share</text>
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CSI: Richard Larn &amp; Clive Carter, Cornish Shipwrecks, Vol 1: The South Coast, 1969&#13;
DSA: Charles Hocking, Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam 1824-1962, 1969 2 volumes&#13;
PSD: David L Williams, A Dictionary of Passenger Ship Disasters, 2009&#13;
WR: Cyrill Noall &amp; Graham Farr, Wreck and Rescue Round the Cornish Coast, 3 vols, 1964-5&#13;
Larn: Richard Larn Cornish Shipwrecks: the Isles of Scilly&#13;
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                <text>S.S South America ashore at Merthen Point, 1912.</text>
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                <text>The South America was a steel screw steamer of 4,197 tons gross. She was owned by Nitrate Producers Company of London and had sailed from Hamburg bound for Cardiff in water ballast, under charter to the Hamburg Amerika Line. &#13;
&#13;
The weather was poor until March 12th 1912, when it cleared and Captain Bowling was able to morse 'All's well' to the signal station on the Lizard. But less than half an hour later the South America was steaming through thick banks of drizzle and frequent squalls of torrential rain and having to steer a zigzag course across Mount's Bay to avoid a Newlyn pilchard fleet, strung out haphazardly from Mousehole island to Runnelstone.&#13;
&#13;
At Midnight, Captain Bowling altered course northward to take the South America round Land's End. She ploughed on through the murk with the lookouts still keeping a wary eye open for the fishing boats and had just avoided a lugger lying at her nets when second officer Read saw the dark shape of land right ahead. The helm was swung hard over, but even as the steamer's 389 horse power engine was put violently into reverse there was a rumbling screech and she shuddered over the big round boulders of St. Loy Bay. &#13;
&#13;
By the time it rattled down on St. Loy bay, the steamer had been identified  as the South America from London. A rocket line was fired over her, but as no one was left aboard to secure it. Captain Alfred Bowling and Chief officer Thom, and second officer Harold Read, a Penzance man, swam out, climbed up a rope over the ship's side and set up the lines to work the breeches-buoy. As dawn lightened the sky above Carn Boscawen, the ship's instruments and the crew's baggage were landed and the South America was seen to be lying broadside-on near Merton Point, at the western end of St. Loy. She looked intact, but when the tide ebbed her bottom plates were seen to be badly damaged. The salvage steamer Lady of the Isles arrived, but even then it was obvious reflecting the stranded steamer would be a very difficult operation. &#13;
&#13;
In the days after the wreck, prospects of salvage grew dimmer with every tide, and a gale which blew up a week later caused more serious damage. Finally, the underwriters disposed of her to the Western Marine Salvage Company of Penzance, who began to break her up.&#13;
&#13;
At a Board of Trade Enquiry in May 1912, Captain Bowling and his officers levelled charged of looting at the people of St. Loy, as a number of things, including the Chief Officer Thom's Boer war medals and a large manila hawser (ship rope) had mysteriously disappeared. The medals were returned but the hawser was not, and there was talk that someone had been wrecking. These accusations were bitterly resented by the local people, many of whom had given very help and opened their homes to the shipwrecked crew. After two days, the findings of the court were announced. Captain Bowling was found guilty of not having navigated the South America with due care and in a proper and seamanlike manner; he had failed to take soundings after the shore lights were obscured and should not have altered course until he was certain of the steamer's position. In view of his previous unblemished record, he did not lose his certificate but received a severe warning. After the proceedings he withdrew his allegations about the looting of the South America. &#13;
&#13;
During the spring and summer of 1912, the local people became familiar with the great hulk of the South American and the breaking gangs who swarmed over her, and many could remember similar scenes twenty years before, when the French pit wood steamer Saintonge was wrecked in  the bay. &#13;
&#13;
Autumn came and the South America was still slowly diminishing as the salvage men cut deeper into her steel hull. October was an even foggier month than usual that year, and it was during the dark hours of the 14th that the extraordinary wrecked occurred in St. Loy, exactly seven months after the first one. At half-past three in the morning, John Richards was roused from his bed for the second time that year by unusual noise in the bay. He thought at first that the salvage men must have raised steam on the South America, or were engaged on som particularly noisy job, but as it seemed unlikely at that hour he took the lantern he had used to guide in the South America's crew and made his way down to the shore. Thick fog swirled over the sea and it was several minutes before he saw a small steamer right against the big hulk's weather side. &#13;
&#13;
Within an hour, the Lady of the Isles had arrived, towing the Newlyn Lifeboat, while the rocket cart from Mousehole had joined the inhabitants of St. Loy on the same rocks from which they had fired the line over the South America. The lifeboatmen and coastguards soon discovered that the stranded steamer was the 599- ton steel screw, schooner-rigged Abertay. Owned by Boise et Chabois of Lorient and bound for Barry with a cargo of pit wood. &#13;
&#13;
Description taken from Richard Larn and Clive Carter, Cornish Shipwrecks: The South Coasts (Newton Abbot: David &amp; Charles, 1971), p.203-208. </text>
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                  <text>A collection of mostly shipwreck photographs mostly by Gibson of Penzance.&#13;
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CSI: Richard Larn &amp; Clive Carter, Cornish Shipwrecks, Vol 1: The South Coast, 1969&#13;
DSA: Charles Hocking, Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam 1824-1962, 1969 2 volumes&#13;
PSD: David L Williams, A Dictionary of Passenger Ship Disasters, 2009&#13;
WR: Cyrill Noall &amp; Graham Farr, Wreck and Rescue Round the Cornish Coast, 3 vols, 1964-5&#13;
Larn: Richard Larn Cornish Shipwrecks: the Isles of Scilly&#13;
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                <text>The South America was a steel screw steamer of 4,197 tons gross. She was owned by Nitrate Producers Company of London and had sailed from Hamburg bound for Cardiff in water ballast, under charter to the Hamburg Amerika Line. &#13;
&#13;
The weather was poor until March 12th 1912, when it cleared and Captain Bowling was able to morse 'All's well' to the signal station on the Lizard. But less than half an hour later the South America was steaming through thick banks of drizzle and frequent squalls of torrential rain and having to steer a zigzag course across Mount's Bay to avoid a Newlyn pilchard fleet, strung out haphazardly from Mousehole island to Runnelstone.&#13;
&#13;
At Midnight, Captain Bowling altered course northward to take the South America round Land's End. She ploughed on through the murk with the lookouts still keeping a wary eye open for the fishing boats and had just avoided a lugger lying at her nets when second officer Read saw the dark shape of land right ahead. The helm was swung hard over, but even as the steamer's 389 horse power engine was put violently into reverse there was a rumbling screech and she shuddered over the big round boulders of St. Loy Bay. &#13;
&#13;
By the time it rattled down on St. Loy bay, the steamer had been identified  as the South America from London. A rocket line was fired over her, but as no one was left aboard to secure it. Captain Alfred Bowling and Chief officer Thom, and second officer Harold Read, a Penzance man, swam out, climbed up a rope over the ship's side and set up the lines to work the breeches-buoy. As dawn lightened the sky above Carn Boscawen, the ship's instruments and the crew's baggage were landed and the South America was seen to be lying broadside-on near Merton Point, at the western end of St. Loy. She looked intact, but when the tide ebbed her bottom plates were seen to be badly damaged. The salvage steamer Lady of the Isles arrived, but even then it was obvious reflecting the stranded steamer would be a very difficult operation. &#13;
&#13;
In the days after the wreck, prospects of salvage grew dimmer with every tide, and a gale which blew up a week later caused more serious damage. Finally, the underwriters disposed of her to the Western Marine Salvage Company of Penzance, who began to break her up.&#13;
&#13;
At a Board of Trade Enquiry in May 1912, Captain Bowling and his officers levelled charged of looting at the people of St. Loy, as a number of things, including the Chief Officer Thom's Boer war medals and a large manila hawser (ship rope) had mysteriously disappeared. The medals were returned but the hawser was not, and there was talk that someone had been wrecking. These accusations were bitterly resented by the local people, many of whom had given very help and opened their homes to the shipwrecked crew. After two days, the findings of the court were announced. Captain Bowling was found guilty of not having navigated the South America with due care and in a proper and seamanlike manner; he had failed to take soundings after the shore lights were obscured and should not have altered course until he was certain of the steamer's position. In view of his previous unblemished record, he did not lose his certificate but received a severe warning. After the proceedings he withdrew his allegations about the looting of the South America. &#13;
&#13;
During the spring and summer of 1912, the local people became familiar with the great hulk of the South American and the breaking gangs who swarmed over her, and many could remember similar scenes twenty years before, when the French pit wood steamer Saintonge was wrecked in  the bay. &#13;
&#13;
Autumn came and the South America was still slowly diminishing as the salvage men cut deeper into her steel hull. October was an even foggier month than usual that year, and it was during the dark hours of the 14th that the extraordinary wrecked occurred in St. Loy, exactly seven months after the first one. At half-past three in the morning, John Richards was roused from his bed for the second time that year by unusual noise in the bay. He thought at first that the salvage men must have raised steam on the South America, or were engaged on som particularly noisy job, but as it seemed unlikely at that hour he took the lantern he had used to guide in the South America's crew and made his way down to the shore. Thick fog swirled over the sea and it was several minutes before he saw a small steamer right against the big hulk's weather side. &#13;
&#13;
Within an hour, the Lady of the Isles had arrived, towing the Newlyn Lifeboat, while the rocket cart from Mousehole had joined the inhabitants of St. Loy on the same rocks from which they had fired the line over the South America. The lifeboatmen and coastguards soon discovered that the stranded steamer was the 599- ton steel screw, schooner-rigged Abertay. Owned by Boise et Chabois of Lorient and bound for Barry with a cargo of pit wood. &#13;
&#13;
Description taken from Richard Larn and Clive Carter, Cornish Shipwrecks: The South Coasts (Newton Abbot: David &amp; Charles, 1971), p.203-208. </text>
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DSA: Charles Hocking, Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam 1824-1962, 1969 2 volumes&#13;
PSD: David L Williams, A Dictionary of Passenger Ship Disasters, 2009&#13;
WR: Cyrill Noall &amp; Graham Farr, Wreck and Rescue Round the Cornish Coast, 3 vols, 1964-5&#13;
Larn: Richard Larn Cornish Shipwrecks: the Isles of Scilly&#13;
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DSA: Charles Hocking, Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam 1824-1962, 1969 2 volumes&#13;
PSD: David L Williams, A Dictionary of Passenger Ship Disasters, 2009&#13;
WR: Cyrill Noall &amp; Graham Farr, Wreck and Rescue Round the Cornish Coast, 3 vols, 1964-5&#13;
Larn: Richard Larn Cornish Shipwrecks: the Isles of Scilly&#13;
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DSA: Charles Hocking, Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam 1824-1962, 1969 2 volumes&#13;
PSD: David L Williams, A Dictionary of Passenger Ship Disasters, 2009&#13;
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CS i, 182-3</text>
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DSA: Charles Hocking, Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam 1824-1962, 1969 2 volumes&#13;
PSD: David L Williams, A Dictionary of Passenger Ship Disasters, 2009&#13;
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DSA: Charles Hocking, Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam 1824-1962, 1969 2 volumes&#13;
PSD: David L Williams, A Dictionary of Passenger Ship Disasters, 2009&#13;
WR: Cyrill Noall &amp; Graham Farr, Wreck and Rescue Round the Cornish Coast, 3 vols, 1964-5&#13;
Larn: Richard Larn Cornish Shipwrecks: the Isles of Scilly&#13;
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                <text>SS Ixia total wreck at Cape Cornwall, off Brissons 4pm. Struck the Bridges reef, struck another rock trying to beach her. Due to being too close in shore, having landed two of the firms officials at St Ives just previously. Weather was clear and sea smooth. Owners Stag Line of North Shields. Classed A.1 at Lloyds. 2985 Gross Tonnage, built in Sunderland 1922. Captain Holt of Newport, mostly Welsh crew. Was en route from Swansea to Constantinople with 5000 tons of coal</text>
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DSA: Charles Hocking, Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam 1824-1962, 1969 2 volumes&#13;
PSD: David L Williams, A Dictionary of Passenger Ship Disasters, 2009&#13;
WR: Cyrill Noall &amp; Graham Farr, Wreck and Rescue Round the Cornish Coast, 3 vols, 1964-5&#13;
Larn: Richard Larn Cornish Shipwrecks: the Isles of Scilly&#13;
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                <text>The Pindos launched in June 1890 by Williamson of Workington as the Eusemere, was a steel, four-masted barque of 2,354 tons net and 2,512 gross, built for the firm of Fisher &amp; Sprott of London. &#13;
&#13;
In 1896 she was sold to B. Wencke &amp; Company of Hamburg and her new owners seemed able to bring out her finer sailing qualities.&#13;
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She left Hamburg for Port Talbot in late February 1911 and loaded coal brickets for Mejillones, on the west coast of South America. The weather was so bad that she took six weeks to round Cape Horn, and later was almost wrecked at Taltal. At Mejillones, she discharged and loaded nitrates and sails for Falmouth, arriving on February 1st 1912. &#13;
&#13;
As an example of German Discipline, the first mate ordered four men aloft to scrape and varnish the main royal yard as she entered harbour, despite the fact that it was snowy hard. She lay at Falmouth until February 10th, when she left for Hamburg to discharge in tow of the German tug Ancona. But they had hardly got out into Falmouth bay than the strong southeasterly wind refreshed and backed. Both ships were gradually forced backwards down the coast, and despite all the tugs efforts at 9 pm the Pindos was carried broadside on to Chynhalls Point, less than half a mile from Coverack Village.&#13;
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The tug captain held her head to sea for some time to stop her broaching, but was eventually force to slip the hawser. Meanwhile the Coverack lifeboat had putt off, and aided by the glare of newly provided acetylene searchlights, rescued the Germans by breeches-buoy from the waveswept and listing poop deck. &#13;
&#13;
On February 20th, the Pindos, together with her gear and stores, was sold for £225, but later gales soon reduced her to pieces. Over the years salvage has been carried out, but parts of her masts, rigging, plates and keel still lie on the seaward side of the Chynhalls.&#13;
&#13;
Description from Richard Larn and Clive Carter, Cornish Shipwrecks: The South Coast (Newton Abbot: David &amp; Charles, 1917), p. 99-100. </text>
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