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                <text>Bluejacket stranded on Longships, November 9th 1898. </text>
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                <text>Steamer</text>
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                <text>Morrab Library</text>
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                <text>09-11-1898</text>
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                <text>Longships, Lands' End</text>
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                <text>The Cardiff tramp, Bluejacket, struck the rocks sixty feet from the main door of the Longship Lighthouse on November 9th 1898. The wreck came at the end of a long tramping voyage which began on June 4th, under the command of Captain James Thomas, when she sailed from South Shields with coal for Venice, and ended in the course of a voyage from Danzig to Plymouth with railway sleepers. &#13;
&#13;
At five o'clock on the evening of November 9th, the Bluejacket sailed from Plymouth Sound in ballast for Cardiff. The weather was thick, with a strong ESE wind, but shore lights were visible so she was kept at her full speed of ten knots. Before he went below at 9:30pm, Captain Thomas told the second mate to call him when they approached Land's End. Just before midnight the captain was roused by the tramp's engine going full astern. &#13;
&#13;
Even as he made for the bridge from the boiler room by an inrush of water. The Bluejacket was on the Longships and the brilliant flash of the light showed up her already listing docks. The crew, including the captain's wife, took to the boats and were picked up by the Sennen lifeboat and landed at the cove. At dawn the Bluejacket presented a startling sight, poised like a gigantic seesaw across the rocks, at the very foot of the lighthouse. &#13;
&#13;
Eight days after the wreck she was sold to Joseph Breen, shipbreaker of Penzance, who began to demolish her when weather and tide allowed. The Bluejacket, which had been launched in 1883 by J.L Thompson of Sunderland, as an iron screw, schooner-rigged steamer of 2,205 tons gross, was on the Longships in January 1900, when the small tug Chase used by Joseph Green dragged her anchors in a strong westerly age and was herself wrecked beneath the Land's End Hotel. &#13;
&#13;
Description from Richard Larn and Clive Carter, Cornish Shipwrecks: The South Coast (Newton Abbot: David &amp; Charles, 1971), p.238-239.</text>
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                <text>COLLINS.027A</text>
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                <text>Bessie and Vulture</text>
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                <text>Brigantine</text>
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                <text>Morrab Library</text>
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                <text>17-11-1893</text>
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                <text>Carbis Bay, St Ives</text>
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                <text>Photograph of illustration. Steamer ships Vulture and Bessie at Carbis Bay, near St Ives. A sketch by Mr Sydney H. Carr.</text>
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                <text>Morrab Library</text>
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                <text>COLLINS.026A</text>
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                <text>Bessemer City, wrecked October 31st 1936</text>
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                <text>Steamer</text>
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                <text>General</text>
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                <text>Morrab Library</text>
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                <text>Morrab Library01-11-1936</text>
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                <text>Pen Enys point, near St Ives</text>
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                <text>The American steamer Bessemer City wrecked at Clodgy in 1936, was launched in 1921 by the Chickasaw Shipbuilding Company of Alabama for the US Steel Production Company. &#13;
&#13;
She was steel screw steamer of 3,450 tons net, 5,686 tons gross, powered by two steam turbines, geared to a single shaft, made the Federal Shipbuilding Company of Kearney, New Jersey. &#13;
&#13;
Under the ownership of the Isthmian SS Co of New York, and commanded by Captain Joseph Herman, the Bessemer City left Liverpool on the evening of October 31st 1936 for London, to complete discharging her general cargo from the USA. Twenty-four hours later she passed Godrevy light which was almost hidden by thick wintry haze, and shortly before midnight grounded heavily under Pen Enys Point.&#13;
&#13;
In the weeks following, the Bessemer City broke up. Her poor complete with mast and cargo derricks, drifted under Trevalgan Cliff, and heavy seas demolished even the large forward and midship sections. &#13;
&#13;
Cases of tinned fruit and salmon, boxes of raisins, sultanas and other delicacies ripened in the California sunshine, came ashore from Clodgy to Newquay. A Penzance firm recovered a lot, but a great deal more vanished into kitchen cupboards and was put to good used during the days of scarcity that followed. &#13;
&#13;
Though her location was well known; the Bessemer City lay undisturbed until September 1963, when she was re-discovered by crayfish divers. &#13;
&#13;
Description from Clive Carter, Cornish Shipwreck: The North Coast (London: Pen Books Ltd, 1970), p.40-41. </text>
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                <text>COLLINS.025</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
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                <text>Bencoolen, wrecked at Bude October 21st 1862. </text>
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                <text>Ship</text>
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                <text>Telegraph Poles</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
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                <text>Morrab Library</text>
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                <text>21-10-1862</text>
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                <text>Bude</text>
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                <text>The 1,415-tons wooden full-rigger Bencoolen, launched at St. Johns, New Brunswick in 1855. She was one of the large fleet of Bengal traders owned and managed by Edward Bates &amp; Co of Liverpool. &#13;
&#13;
She was apparently a well-found ship, seaworthy and adequately equipped with boats, pumps, patent steering gears and sporting double topsails yards on her three iron masts.&#13;
&#13;
On October 13th 1862, commanded by Captain William Chambers, she left Liverpool for Bombay with 1,000 tones of general cargo, including iron telegraph poles and wires, and a crew of thirty-two men and a boy. The fresh WSW breeze soon baked southerly, and by the second day out was blowing a hard gale. It worsened, and on the evening of the 17th forty miles south of the Tuskar Rock, the foremast came down with a run, fouling the main and mizzen, which snapped off clsoe to the deck.&#13;
&#13;
Two sailors aloft, shifting the preventer brace were hurled far to leeward and drowned. In a few minutes the might Bencoolen had been reduced to a floating wreck. She was already leaking badly, and all available hands turned to the pumps. Others built a raft from spare spars and stunsail booms, as every boat had been shattered by failing yards and this might prove their only chance of survival.&#13;
&#13;
With five feet of water in her hold, the crippled Bencoolen drove to leeward. At dawn on October 21st land, first thought to be Milford, was sighted but as the morning drew on, the cliffs of Bude appeared. The gale had now veered NNW, and only a small sail rigged on a stunsail boom lashed to the broken foremast, kept the ship's head before the sea.&#13;
&#13;
Discipline on board it seems was cracking, and if the story of the survivors, in particular Thomas Aspinwall, bosun, and Henry Holman, able seamen, is to be believed, things were desperate indeed. Captain Chambers, apparently overcome by the diaster of the Tuskar, had been drunk ever since. The steward had likewise dronwed his sorrows and even as the Bencoolen drove towards bude he threatened two quarelling sailors, eqaully drunk, with a loaded musket. Holman fearing he would indeed shoot them, flung the weapon overboard and then made for what ridding was left. Just after three o'clock Captain Chambers staggered down to his cabin, and despite entreaties by the stewards, who was evidently fast sobered by the imminent wreck, where the carpenter, James Mackay, was in charge, the crew took shelter on the fo'c'sle head. Half an hour later, the Bencoolen struck and fell broadside in the mountainous seas, her great length blocking the entrance channel to Bude.&#13;
&#13;
The first rocket fired bounced off her side, and the second was swept off her decks. A third dropped squarely over the poop, but the second officer who started aft to secure it was enguled by a sudden grea sea which swept on up the breakwater and disabled the rocket gear. Seeing this, Mackay the carpenter seized a line and flung himself overboard. He was a powerful swimmer and succeeded in reaching the shore, only to die a few minutes later, his line broken by the waves. Back on baord, twenty-seven manhalded the raft off the disintergating fo'c'ske deck into the broken water alongside, and chief officer Powell, badly injured during the dismasting, was brought from his cabin and lashed on. Suddenly the Bencoolen broke in two, her jiboom crashed into the sea, and as her bows swung around the raft was swept clear.&#13;
&#13;
Meanwhile the Bude lifeboat had also run into toruble; there was only one small sloope in dock, and apart from a few canal men there were no volunteers. For some time she lay immobile on the sands, until manned by the cannal men, labourers and a few handy seamen, she tried but failed to reach the Bencoolen's raft. The crowds on the cliffs and beach hooted and jeered as she returned; but the would be lifeboatmen were defeated by inexperience rather than lack of courage&#13;
&#13;
An old Oxford rowing blue among the crowds noted that there was 'not one among them who, when he rowed, did not look over his shoulder to see where he was going.'&#13;
&#13;
The raft drove into a narrow gully on the northern side of the haven, and was instantly dashed into pieces. Four men were dragged from the wreckage-choked water. Two others wer cut free of the dead lashed to the tangle fo booms and spars, and all six were carried to the clifftop. It was then only an hour since, the Bencoolen had come ashore. &#13;
&#13;
Accusations and recriminations began almost at once, with the crew of the BUde lifeboat cominh under very hot fire in both local and national newspapers. Not least of the critics was parson Hawker, who in the bitterness of his wrath, wrote the poem "A Croon on Hennacliff".&#13;
&#13;
Edward Bates, the Benecoolen's owner wrote a letter which was printed in the Royal Cornwall Gazette on November 5th 1862, defending his ship and master. Captain Chambers had been six years with him, and always sober and capable sailor, while the Bencoolen was fully seaworthy and manned by an experienced deepwater crew.  The most extraordinary aspect of the letter was the inclusion off of a copy of the statement sworn before a Stratton JP by the six survivors. They completely refuted the allegation that either Captain Chambers or any man had been drunk, and said that everybody had done their duty. This was in direct contradiction to their evidence, which they had especially asked should be given under oath, at the inquest on the steward and carpenter at Bude a few days after the wreck. Like many questions regarding the loss of the Bencoolen, it remains unanswered. &#13;
&#13;
Description from Clive Carter, Cornish Shipwrecks: The North Coast (London: Pan Books Ltd, 1970), p. 151-154. </text>
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&#13;
She left Calcutta on November 18th 1890 with 13,000 bales of jute between decks, destined for the mills at Dundee. The homeward voyage was uneventful, and by the early days of March 1891 the Bay of Panama was nearing Cornwall. &#13;
&#13;
The weather was deteriorating  fast and Captain David Wright hove-to in order to take deep soundings. The results led him to believe he was close to the Lizard. Dawn on March 9th came with all the signs of an approaching blizzard. At 4pm, when the deck watch was relieved, a strong north-easterly gale was blowing accompanied by driving snow. For the best part of the day the ship had been under fore and main topsails only, but now all sail was furled. This storm became known as the "blizzard of '91", the worst the West Country had known for 200 years. Animals died in the fields of Cornwall and Devon in their hundreds, and four ships were wrecked at the Manacles alone.&#13;
&#13;
At 11:30 pm a white light, thought to be that of a steamship, was sighted from the Bay of Panama but there was no answer to their blue distress flare. A little after 01:00 am on March 10th a huge wave pooed the ship, sweeping her from end to end and smashing every boat on deck. Soon afterwards, still in driving snow and with visibility almost nil, the ship went headlong into the cliffs south of Nare Point, less than seven miles from the safety of Falmouth. &#13;
&#13;
As the vessel struck, she swung round until her bows pointed east, listing heavily to starboard. One mast came down, and both fore and main topmast broke off and fell into the sea. The second mate managed to fire a distress rocket before a wave swept along the deck and washed him overboard. The same wave swamped the cabin, carrying the captain, his wife, the cook, steward and four apprentices over the side to drown. &#13;
&#13;
Meanwhile the mate ordered the rest of the crew into the rigging to get above the freezing water which swirled over the deck. The bosun, carpenter and sailmaker took shelter behind the deckhouse, but two were swept overboard to die in the darkness. The bosun managed to reach the mizzen rigging, but during the night went out of his mind and jumped into the sea. Extreme cold and exposure took its toll of the others in the rigging, all soaked by spray which turned into ice on their clothing and on the ropes to which they clung. At least six seamen froze to death, others lost their grip and fell into the sea. &#13;
&#13;
Daybreak revealed the Bay of Panama hard and fast under the cliff, broadside on to the sea, her bowsprit less than fifty feet from the rocks. Her rigging and deck were in ruins, with a mass of cordage attached to the masts trailing alongside. A few pitiful figures still hung in the rigging, some alive, some dead; it was impossible to tell the difference from ashore. A local farmer searching the clifftops for his sheep was the first to find the wreck and promptly made for Porthallow to inform the coastguards, who sent out from St Keverne with rocket apparatus. &#13;
&#13;
By 9am a breeches line had been rigged and seventeen survivors from the crew of forty were brought ashore. Quite incapable of helping themselves, they had to be lifted from the rigging and placed in the breeches-buoy with limbs in the position in which they were found. Several bodies were floating alongside or lying in the scuppers of the wreck, the first to be recovered being that of the captain's wife. The survivors were taken to St Keverne where they thawed out, fed and put to bed, Next day, a local carrier's horse drawn bus took them to Gweek on the first stage of their journey to Falmouth, but snowdrifts blocking the road forced them to abandon it and for the second time in twenty-four hours they were exposed to near-Artic conditions. Some without shoes, they struggled along the road and eventually reached the outskirts of Falmouth, having as the Falmouth Packet reported 'endured as much privation in that walk as they did in the actual shipwreck.' &#13;
&#13;
Two days later the steamer Hermes, belonging to the Neptune Salvage Company of Cowes, Isle of Wight, arrived to inspect the wreck, but the actual work of salvage was carried out by two Liverpool divers who set up a steam donkey-engine and boiler on deck to operate a winch and tranship the cargo of baled jute into barges alongside. The work was interrupted in August when the donkey boiler burst, killing one man and sending pieces of metal as high as the clifftop. Sightseers came in their hundreds to see the wreck and hear the story of crew's ordeal. Timber from the her deck was cut into small pieces and sold as souvenirs, and her bell was donated to a small chapel at Helford, where it can still be seen high up in the pointed tower, weather beaten and green. &#13;
&#13;
Description from Richard Larn and Clive Carter, Cornish Shipwrecks: The South Coast (Newton Abbot: David &amp; Charles, 1971), p72-75.</text>
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                <text>Vasiler Rock, Manacles, Lizard</text>
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                <text>Baltic, Wrecked on St. Clements Island, November 1st 1907. </text>
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                <text>The Sailing barge Baltic was bound for Newlyn from Medway with a cargo of cement for the harbour extension works. It wrecked on St. Clements Island on November 1st 1907. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Baltic got off course after rounding the Lizard. The night was so dark and thick that her plight was hidden from the shore, and nearly an hour went by before the flickering light of a paraffin soaked mattress burning on the foredeck was seen from the village of Mousehole.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The coastguards sent word to the lifeboat station at Newlyn, while six Mousehole fishermen decided to make a rescue bid of their own. They manned the crabber, White Lady, but as the harbour mouth was close by the large timber baulks which kept out the rough seas in the winter, they had to manhadle her over the pier and down into the sea outside. Big waves were dashing against the expose harbour wall, making is a hard struggle to row the crabber clear of the rocsk and shallow water.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At last it was accomplished and the fishermen pulled towards the glimmer of foam which distinguished the dark mass of the island from the darkness around. The tide was ebbing fast and jagged ledges and rocks were coming awash: it took five attempts to find a landing place for the White Lady. The fisherman Stanley Drew leaped on to the rocks with the Mousehole pierhead light in one hand and managed to scramble across to where the shipwrecked peoople were huddled. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Headed by a young Irish Sailor, Adam Torrie, who had risked his life to get on to the island over the Baltics Bowspirit, Captain Langford, his wife, and daughter, and mate George Baines had abandoned the barge for the slightly better safety of the rocks. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Drew carried Mrs Langford, who was nearly hysterical, back to the crabber and William Harvey followed with her daughter in his arms. The others made their way after him and when all were safely aboard the White Lady the fishermen headed back for Mousehole. But by the time the tide was low and the task of getting back into the harbour was even more difficult, and the women had to be hauled to the top of the wall by ropes tied under their arms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Baltic soon became a total wreck, but the bravery of the six fishermen did not go unrewarded: Stanely Drew, William H. Harvey, Luther Harvey, Charles Harry, Richard Harrym and Richard Thomas recieved a cash award from the RNLI, as well as a silver medal which a Birmingham buisnessman had especially struck to commemorate their action. Adam Torrie, the Irish sailor, settled in Mousehole and married the harbourmaster's daughter, and today his descendants live in the village. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Descripton from Richard Larn and Clive Carter, Cornish Shipwrecks: The South Coast (Newton Abbot: David &amp;amp; Charles, 1971), p. 194-195.</text>
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                <text>Avonmore, wrecked at Bude September 14th 1869.</text>
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                <text>The 1,580-ton full-rigger Avonmore of Bristol, Corfield master, two days out from Cardiff to Montevideo with coal, crippled by a NNW gale, anchored off the Higher Sharpnose at daw on September 14th 1869. &#13;
&#13;
The Avonmore launched in New Brunswick in 1867, and one of a fleet of South American traders owned by Charles Hill of Bristol, broke up completely two nights later. &#13;
&#13;
A tug had been sent for when her lights appeared off Tintagel the previous night, but at noon her cable sheared and she drove broadside under the cliffs. Her young second officer and she drove broadside under the cliffs. &#13;
&#13;
Her young second officer and six Lascar Sailors (Indian and South Asian Sailors) were swept overboard as they cut away fallen spars. Parson Hawker, suffering from sciatica, having spent an uncomfortable night after the storm had blown in his bedroom window, arrived to find the crew in 'death horror; and his glebe thronged with people. &#13;
&#13;
The Bude coastguards and sailors shouldered their ways to the fore, and captain Corfield and fourteen men were landed by breeches buoy. One sailor still lay trapped on board, his legs entangled in wreckage. Dr King of Stratton went across to perform emergency amputation, but several coastguards who followed him freed the sailor intact.&#13;
&#13;
This is a photograph of an engraving from a book. At Morwenstow near Bude.&#13;
&#13;
Description from Clive Carter, Cornish Shipwrecks: The North Coast (London: Penn Books Ltd, 1970),  158. </text>
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                <text>Avebury, wrecked at Lamorna, 1884</text>
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                <text>Collier</text>
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                <text>Ballast</text>
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                <text>Morrab Library</text>
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                <text>04-11-1884</text>
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                <text>Lamorna</text>
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                <text>Gibson</text>
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                <text>The Avebury was a Sunderland Steamer that was heading between Lisbon and Cardiff with a cargo of Iron ore and esparto grass (used for crafting).&#13;
&#13;
The Avebury missed Land's End completely in fog and steamed on the rocks less than a quarter of a mile west of Lamorna. &#13;
&#13;
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Reported by Western Morning News on 15th April 1903 page 5.  &#13;
&#13;
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                <text>One of the largest ships to wreck on the Cornish Coast, the Ansgir, was one of many vessels of the German Merchant Marine. &#13;
&#13;
Completed a dew weeks after the Armistice of 1918, she was created by A K Ges Neptune of Rostock, on the Baltic. She was a large, single funnelled, two masted steamer of 6,483 tons gross, 4,068 tons net, with a deadweight capacity of around 9, 500 tons. She measured 438.5ft in length, 57.1st in beam and 28.1 ft in depth, and her single screw was driven by a four cylinder diesel engine of 476 nhp.&#13;
&#13;
At the end of the war, she was taken over by the Ministry of Shipping, who placed her under the management of Gow, Harrison &amp; Company of Glasgow. Her German crew brought her over to Leith Roads where, on August 12th 1920, the Ansgir hoisted the 'red duster'. &#13;
&#13;
Captain James D Gemmel took command of her and she went out to Hampton Roads, Virginia, where she loaded coal for Rotterdam. This safely delivered her next port of call was Dartmouth and here on September 29th 1920 her crew were paid off. As customary, they all signed on afresh next day, and the Ansgir crossed the Atlantic again and at Baltimore took on coal for La Pallice. &#13;
&#13;
On arrival at the French port, Captain Gemmel was informed that the Ansgir had been awarded to the Japanese as part of their war reparations and he was ordered to proceed to Barry and take on bunkers for the voyage to Japan.&#13;
&#13;
On the morning of December 12th 1920 the Ansgir sailed from La Pallice in water ballast for Barry. The weather was hazy, with a blustery south-west wind which promised to freshen strongly before nightfall. Ushant was sighted at two o'clock in the afternoon and an hour later Captain Gemmel set course for the Wolf Rock light. The wind increased to a hard quartering gale towards dusk and visibility was seriously impaired by heavy rain and patches of foggy drizzle. At 8pm the third mate joined Captain Gemmel on the bridge for the eight twelve watch and both men and the lookouts kept constant watch for the Wolf and the Longships lights. &#13;
&#13;
The steamer rolled on through the heavy seas, gradually getting closer to the Cornish Coast, but by eleven o'clock no lights had been sighted. Half an hour later, the captain decided to put about, but hardly had the order been given to turn to port than the watch below were hurled from their bunks as the Ansgir struck the rocks a few hundred yards west of the coastguard lookout on Penzer Point, near Mousehole. &#13;
&#13;
Captain Gemmel rang down for hard astern, but the steamer was driven broadside to the cliffs within minutes, the waves breaking over her as high as her funnel. She rolled so violently that it seemed as if she would turn right over, and the boats could not be launched. &#13;
&#13;
A long wooden hold ladder was put over the side and down it went 19-year-old Geoffrey Davis, an apprentice from Birmingham, clad in lifejacket and with a rope about his waist. Two more volunteers followed him and hung on to the line while he jumped clear of the side and struck out for the rocks.&#13;
&#13;
 Waiting for him were three Mousehole fishermen who had been tending their boats in the harbour when, seeing the steamers lights heading towards Penzer Point, they had raised the alarm in the village and then run all the way up the steep Raginnis Hill and along the clifftop lane to the scene of the wreck. &#13;
&#13;
The Mousehole men had a hard struggle to haul him out and one nearly swept into the sea, but they managed to regain the rocks and pull Geoffrey Davis in with them.&#13;
&#13;
More men arrived from the village and the line the apprentice had brought ashore was used to haul in a stouter rope, one end of which was secured to Ansgirs poop and the other looped around a pinnacle of granite. The the crew started to come ashore one by one, handing themselves along the line. Meanwhile the Mousehole LSA company had left their rocket-cart by the coastguard lookout and were manhandling their apparatus down the cliffs. They reached the rocks to find that twenty of the crew had already come ashore along the line and soon rescued the remaining twenty-five by means of a quickly rigged line for the their breeches buoy.&#13;
&#13;
Dawn found the Answer still broadside on to the cliffs, listing heavily to port, with her bows facing Lamorna. She was badly damaged and in spite of the being almost new had to be sold for scrap, and was broken up by the Western Marine Salvage Company of Penzance. In April 1921, she took a severe pounding from a westerly gale, but it was not until the late winter of that year that the Ansgir finally vanished from below the Penzer cliffs. It is still possible to find her plates and steel work jammed in the rocks below the point, and diligent search at low water can produce the occasional memento of one of the largest steamers ever wrecked between Penzance and Land's end.&#13;
&#13;
Description from Richard Larn and Clive Carter, Cornish Shipwrecks: The South Coast (Newton Abbot: Charles and David, 1971), p. 196-198.</text>
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                <text>Allegrity</text>
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                <text>Alexander Yeats, wrecked at Gurnard's Head, September 25th 1896. </text>
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                <text>The largest sailing ship lost anywhere between Land's End and St Ives was the Liverpool ship Alexander Yeats, launched in 1876 by D. Lynch of Portland, New Brunswick, as a wooden full-rigger of 1,589 tons. &#13;
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Towards the end of her career she was bought by Liverpool shipowner G. Windon, who cut her down to a barque. On September 17th 1896, laden with deals and pitchpine from Sable, Savannah, she received orders from a pilot-boat off Port Lynas to discharge at Devonport dockyard. &#13;
&#13;
Three days later she broke away from the tug Gamecock in a gale in SSW gale suddenly increased again, driving the Alexander Yeats back to the northward of Godrevy. The storm eased towards dawn, but the deck cargo had now shifted and the ship had developed a bad list to port.&#13;
&#13;
Throughout the day Portreath coastguards kept a vigilant watch on her attempts to wear off the land, and at dusk, as she wallowed past under small sail, they alerted Hayle lifeboat. But both she and the St. Ives lifeboat failed to reach the crippled ship, which, just before midnight, struck heavily in high seas under Gurnard's Head.&#13;
&#13;
Nineteen sailors, Irish, British, and Swedish were landed by breeches-buoy though not before a near-disaster when the landward anchor of the hawser came adrift. Apart from a broken forestopmast, the Alexander Yeats was not badly damaged, and by January 1897 a squad of traction engines, the first seen in the district, were hauling her pitchpine cargo to Penzance.&#13;
&#13;
Description from Richard Larn and Clive Carter, Cornish Shipwrecks: The North Coast (London: Penn Books Ltd, 1970),p. 38. </text>
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